Routledge Encyclopedia of Technology and the Humanities by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Taylor & Francis (Unlimited)
Published: 2024-07-15T00:00:00+00:00

By contrast, in the narrow approach, CAI tools are considered as software solutions “that are designed to support the interpreter in the various phases and processes of interpreting itself, e.g., for the acquisition, organization (sic) and retrieval of information, both before and during an assignment” (Desmet et al., 2018: 17). In other words, these are tools that have been tailor-made specifically to meet the terminology and information needs of interpreters (cf. Fantinuoli [2016, 2018a, 2018b], Fantinuoli and Prandi [2018], and Prandi [2018, 2020, 2023]). Fantinuoli (2017, 2018a) also sees CAI tools (in the narrow sense) as process-oriented technologies (i.e. supporting the interpreting process and the terminology work, directly linked to the interpreting process), a differential feature that distinguishes them from other setting-oriented technologies (i.e. used for the transmission of the final product) that may impact the external conditions under which the interpreting task is performed, but do not influence the underlying cognitive processes involved.14

CAI tools (in the narrow sense) aim at improving the interpreter’s work experience by removing/reducing the most time-consuming tasks, usually at the preparation and interpretation phases (cf. Fantinuoli, 2018a). In the preparation phase, CAI tools enable fast and efficient specialised terminology and knowledge acquisition (including phraseology), as well as glossary creation and management (cf. Corpas Pastor, 2022a). In the interpretation phase, CAI tools enhance interpreters’ performance by minimising typical problem triggers (e.g., numbers, magnitudes, named entities, domain-specific terminology), thus reducing cognitive load. CAI tools are traditionally divided into “generations”, depending on the type of support provided and their system architecture (Fantinuoli, 2018a; Prandi (2023). First-generation CAI tools are interpreter-friendly terminology management systems to be used mainly in the preparation phase (e.g., Interpreters’ Help). Second generation CAI tools include advanced functionalities for knowledge acquisition and management, as well as glossary query which makes them suitable for the booth (e.g., Intragloss). Third-generation CAI tools are ASR- and AI-enhanced systems that allow automatic glossary building for preparation and include advance search functions for in-booth use. Despite their current technical limitations, they provide support for major problem triggers (e.g., InterpretBank ASR, which has evolved from a first-generation CAI tool to a full-fledged third-generation CAI tool).

Interpreting technologies have also been traditionally categorised according to functional criteria. For instance, Kalina and Ziegler (2015: 419) initially distinguished between (a) technology for rendering interpreting services, (b) technology for interpreter training, and (c) technology to aid an interpreter’s performance. Later on, advances in AI, ASR, and cloud-computing made it possible to include another functional category: (d) technology to replace interpreters,15 i.e., machine interpreting, also called speech translation or speech-to-speech translation (cf. Pöchhacker, 2015; Xu, 2022). For the purposes of this chapter, we will adopt and extend Braun’s (2019) categorisation of technology presence in interpreting:

technology-mediated interpreting (TMI), which refers to technologies used to deliver interpreting services and enhance their reach (e.g., over the phone interpreting [OPI] and distance interpreting, which usually require VRI or RSI software, also called interpreting delivery platforms, IDPs);

technology-supported interpreting (TSI), which encompasses all technologies (both generic or designed specifically for interpreters) used to support or enhance interpreters’ preparation, performance, and workflow (e.

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